Stem Cell and Exosome Treatment for Organ Health and Longevity.

Abstract

Aging is associated with inflammation and is the greatest risk factor for chronic disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and exosomes have anti-inflammatory, pro-healing, and immunomodulatory effects that make them appealing candidates to reverse tissue and organ aging, improve overall organ function, and promote longevity. We hypothesized that treatment with MSCs and/or exosomes would improve the function of healthy mammalian organ systems and tissues, extend lifespan, and that treatment with stem cells from younger animals would have a greater rejuvenative effect than those from older animals. Through a review of the PubMed-indexed scientific literature, we sought to determine whether there is sound preclinical and/or clinical evidence to support these hypotheses. 34 preclinical studies were chosen as they demonstrated that stem cells and/or exosomes can restore bone density, improve muscle strength, significantly rejuvenate multiple organ systems, and increase longevity. Stem cell treatment appears to increase longevity, and both stem cell and exosome treatments are effective in rejuvenating and improving tissue and organ function in mammalian systems. Stem cells can extend overall mammalian lifespan. Transplantation of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells can restore bone density in mice. MSCs have a regenerative effect on aging muscles in mice. Both stem cells and exosomes have a rejuvenative effect on animal organ systems. Stem cells and exosomes improve organ function in the absence of pathological states.

Prodromos C, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2026